人間文化研究機構プログラム 南アジア地域研究

FINDAS International Workshop

” Literary Intervention and Political Culture in South Asia”

FINDAS国際ワークショップ「南アジアにおける文学的介入と政治文化」

Date：　December 9 (Sat), 2017　10:30－17:00

Venue: Large Conference Room 303,
 Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa,
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies

日時：　2017年12月9日（土）　10:30－17:00       10:00受付開始
場所：　東京外国語大学アジアアフリカ言語文化研究所　大会議室３０３

【Language：　English　　！Free admission！】

【PROGRAM】

10:00 – 10:30 Registration

Opening Addresses: Toshie Awaya (Director, FINDAS Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

Chair: Nobuhiro Ota(Tokyo University of Foreign Studies),

Kyoko Niwa (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

1. Hisae Komatsu (Otemon Gakuin University)

Women’s Narratives in Hindi Magazines of Early Twentieth Century India

2. Amitava Chakraborty (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

The Marginalized in the Construction of ‘Indigenous’ Theoretical and Literary Spaces in Bangladesh

Lunch (11:40 -13:00)

3. Ajay Navaria (Jamia Millia Islamia)

Dalit Literature as a Socio-Political Tool

4. Palanimuthu Sivakami (Dartmouth College)

Poetics to Political Transformation; Dalit Women Writings

5. Akito Sakasai (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

Fight for the Right to Live: Kim Tal-su’s Novels and ‘Third Country National’ Discourse

6. Asif Farrukhi （Habib University）

A New Harvest of Anger: Reading an Alternative Narrative of Pakistan’s Society

in Contemporary Urdu Literature

Tea Break (15:00-15:15)

Discussants:  Janaki Nair (Jawaharlal Nehru University)

Takako Inoue (Daito Bunka University)

So Yamane (Osaka University)

General Discussion (16:00-17:00)

PAPER ABSTRACT

1）Women’s Narratives in Hindi Magazines of Early Twentieth Century India

Hisae Komatsu (Otemon Gakuin University)

This paper will focus on the various narratives by anonymous women in some Hindi magazines around the 1910s to 30s. Many nameless women wrote letters to the editor requesting not to specify their background and they expressed things about themselves, especially their miserable situation. For most women, women’s journals like Griha Lakshmi and Chand, and its reader’s columns were the first and only place where they could express their own feeling freely and gain some sympathy and support from the editor and other readers.

What we need to realize is that even though the strict social backdrop in those times called for absolute obedience and virtue, there were in fact voices that challenged the system in the modern period. Such narratives told by faceless and nameless women illustrate the other dimension of women’s lives in the modern period which has much value to contribute to the cultural history of India.

2）The Marginalized in the Construction of ‘Indigenous’ Theoretical and Literary Spaces in Bangladesh

Amitava Chakraborty (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

Last half of the last century witnessed a movement towards the construction of an ‘Indigenous’ theoretical school, often named as ‘Uttar-Adhunikatabad’ both in Bangladesh and the larger Bengali literary culture. The Literary space also witnessed a search for ‘indigenous’ themes and modes of creation, at times directly subscribed by and subscribing to that theoretical school, at times parallel to it. Present paper proposes to analyze the complex dynamics of this construction in its understanding of the marginalized sections, in terms of caste-class-coloniality-gender-language-race-religious sub-sects etc., and the nature of its relationship with the political culture. The paper would be divided in five sections. The first section would offer a general overview of the theoretical and literary spaces understudy; the second section would deal with the complex relationship between those theoretical and literary spaces; the third section would offer an overview of the general political culture that played an important role in the construction of those spaces; the fourth section would offer an analysis of both the theoretical and literary spaces in terms of their responses to various types of marginality; and the last section would examine how far these constructions have succeeded in intervening in the political culture. As a whole this paper would offer an understanding of the complex relationship between the movement understudy and contemporary political culture of Bangladesh.

3）Dalit Literature as a Socio- Political Tool

Ajay Navaria (Jamia Millia Islamia)

Each and every country has its own social structure. This specific structure is deeply related with its social reality too and this social reality may not be single-layered but may be multilayered.

India is a pluralistic nation and one can easily observe these cultures with their merits and demerits in a same time space in this country. All exist at the same time though they are rivals. Many cultures are against each other. There is a continuous conflict among them. Therefore one can easily mark the hatred and anger against others and the culture of resistance here. Conflicts create resistance.

These differences or resistances may not be only on the basis of Religion, Language and Region but also may be within the followers of the same religion. There are many types of social realities in the societies of world such as Class based society, Religion based society and Race based society.

India is a big country like a subcontinent and its social reality is based on Caste. The Caste-system has affected the active politics of India from its very beginning.

Dalit literature is born with social movement. The Dalit movements and literature takes inspiration from Dr. Ambedkar’s ideology which dreams the utopia of casteless society.

This research paper shall investigate the socio-political references of Dalit literature as well as the development of Dalit movement. This paper shall also analyze the impact of Dalit autobiographies, stories and poetry on the society. This will also focus on the process which transforms the Dalit literature into a socio-political tool to change the present scenario of the Indian social politics.

4）Poetics to Political Transformation: Dalit Women Writings

Palanimuthu Sivakami (Fulbright Visiting Scholar at Dartmouth College)

The reflections and impact of Dalit literature on the Indian Society is far reaching. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s (The Father of Indian Constitution) writings and struggle had enabled India to have a Constitution with modern political values of liberty, equality and fraternity and set the country’s progress towards the creation of a just and equal society. Because of his efforts untouchability was declared abolished and its practice was condemned as criminal. His writings and speeches resulted in the political bargain for the Dalits (the so called untouchables) in the form of reservation and participation in the political process and governance.

In the context of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s writings, questions are constantly raised as to what constitutes Dalit literature and its aesthetics. Though poetry was the earliest of literary forms, with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, prose or essay, literary and social criticism, apart from other literary genres like novels, short stories, poetry and plays have also become prominent.

While the Dalit writers are pre-occupied with the issues concerning class and caste issues and the atrocities they have caused on the Dalits and the Indian psyche in general, the thrice oppressed Dalit women because of class, caste and gender, simultaneously attack the patriarchy and the caste system in the Indian society. Fortunately for the Dalit women, their writings in Tamil for the past twenty five years had witnessed the twin birth of Dalit political parties and numerous Dalit women movements in Tamil Nadu. But the critical examination linking the writings of Dalit women with Dalit political and women movements is conspicuously absent. This article has proposed to examine the connectivity between Dalit feminist literature and the political parties, movements and the Tamil society in general.

The proposed article will also depict the nature of Dalit women writings in Tamil and examine whether they are provocative of cultural-social and political changes. A critical approach to non-Dalit writings in comparison with Dalit writings is also inevitable.

5）Fight for the Right to Live: Kim Tal-su’s Novels and “Third Country National” Discourse

Akito Sakasai (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

This paper examines how a writer of the resident Koreans in Japan (Zainichi Koreans), Kim Tal-su’s novels written during the American Occupation of Japan, namely “Yontodaru no Bāsan”(1949) and “Zenya no Shō”(1952), depict Korean residents’ fight for the right to live versus both the Japanese Government and the American Occupation force (GHQ). This paper aims to cast new light on the Japan as occupied space by considering both Kim’s texts and the circumstances in which the author and his texts were situated. Specifically, this paper attempts to explore how literary texts can create strongholds of non-violent resistance against the xenophobic and prejudicial discourse of “third country nationals” (daisankokujin) that was widespread in postwar society.

Oppression against Korean residents by the Japanese government and GHQ became more intense toward the end of occupation in 1948 as tensions increased between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. This kind of suppression can be seen in the severe censorship of publications by Korean intellectuals and unfair regulation against illegal brewing in Korean communities. Kim Tal-su started his career as a novelist struggling to correct the biased images of Koreans held by Japanese society, and previous studies have explored his intentions vis-a-vis his essays and critical writings, but not from his literary works. This paper intends to show how Kim’s novels sought to illustrate the life of resident Koreans in Japan without being caught in ideological and nationalistic dogmas.

6）A New Harvest of Anger: Reading an Alternative Narrative of Pakistan’s Society in Contemporary Urdu Literature

Asif Farrukhi （Habib University）

This paper takes its name and opens with a reference from a short story by Asad Muhammad Khan, a distinguished contemporary writer, in which a scavenger prides himself on large scale tempering with history, reducing to unsalvageable information junk. The paper speculates that what can be saved from this self-proclaimed chronicler is a repository for contemporary Urdu literature from Pakistan. The paper signposts that a different chronicle of trends in Pakistan’s society emerges from its literary expression, providing an alternative narrative from a country with diverse reality, inherent contradictions and unique literary expression.

As it bears witness to shaping events in Pakistan’s tumultuous history, and rapid socio-political developments, major themes and patterns can be seen as emerging from contemporary Urdu literature. Ranging from the continuing influence of classical traditions to modernistic influences from the West to post-modernism and recent theoretical advances, various authors have grappled in their own way with accelerated social changes, political instability, religious extremism, sense of despair and aimlessness in youth, suppression of women’s rights and sense of isolation in minorities. This paper argues that while this body of work, significant in itself, is often conspicuous in its absence from national academic syllabi and generally ignored in socio-political analysis about Pakistan, thus leading to a limited understanding of Pakistan’s society. Presenting examples from trend-setting writers who have led to the development of an alternative narrative in the genres of short story (Asad Muhammad Khan, Hassan Manzar); poetry (Afzaal Ahmed Syed, Azra Abbas, Zeeshan Sahil) and novel (Mirza Athar Baig), the paper goes on to argue that this body of work deserves to be better known to international audience in order to deepen and enrich understanding of the dynamics of Pakistan’s society.

南アジア地域研究・東京外国語大学拠点（FINDAS）では、１１月５日（日）に、
東京外国語大学本郷サテライトにて、下記のとおり研究会を開催いたします。

※予約不要でどなたでもご参加いただけます。

____________________________________________________________________________________

2017年度　第二回FINDAS若手研究者セミナー

「バングラデシュの地域開発と女性」　

日時：　2017年１１月５日（日）　13：00～17:00予定
場所：　東京外国語大学　本郷サテライト　３階・セミナー室

（http://www.tufs.ac.jp/access/hongou.html）

◆金澤真実（一橋大学大学院経済各研究科博士課程）

「地域開発プログラムにおける女性住民の組織化と女性障害者－バングラデシュの事例から－」

“Women with Disabilities in organizing women under a community development program in Bangladesh”

バングラデシュの一NGOが行う地域開発プログラムによって組織された女性グループに、女性障害者の参加が非常に少ない理由を、女性組織のリーダーと女性障害者へのインタビュー調査から明らかする。

◆杉江あい（日本学術振興会特別研究員PD／東京外国語大学AA研）

「連帯経済vs新自由主義？―バングラデシュ農村におけるマイクロファイナンスを事例にー」

Solidarity economy vs neoliberalism?: the case of microfinance operations in Bangladesh

近年，連帯／社会経済は新自由主義に対抗するものとして実践され，概念化されてきた．しかし，連帯経済vs新自由主義という図式は常に成立するのだろうか？たとえば，マイクロファインスはしばしば，連帯経済の実践の1つとして肯定的に評価される一方で，マイクロファイナンスこそ，新自由主義的なイデオロギーや政治経済的再編を促進する装置であると指弾する研究も少なくない．連帯経済が新自由主義に対抗するものなのであれば，なぜこのような相反する見解が同時に存在するのだろうか？本発表では，バングラデシュ農村におけるマイクロファイナンスの運用・利用実態を，既存研究と発表者の近著論文に依拠してレビューすることを通じて，連帯経済と新自由主義の関係性について議論したい．

International Seminar

2017年度　FINDAS・TINDAS・池亀科研(B)共催研究会

「南アジア地域研究」東京外国語大学拠点、東京大学拠点、科研基盤研究B（研究代表者：池亀彩）

「現代インドにおけるポスト開発：媒介と協同性のポリティクス 」との共催

Date&Time: Oct 22th [Sun]  14:00~16:00

 Venue：8F Meeting Room, Hongo Satellite, TUFS

（http://www.tufs.ac.jp/access/hongou.html）

Language: English

※This seminar is free of charge and everyone is welcome.

◆Janaki Nair（Jawaharlal Nehru University）

“An Inheritance of Loss: Kingly Debt and Women’s Wills in Princely Mysore”

What is the status of women who inherit as heirs under a customary law that prevails in a region from which they had migrated long ago? This was the dilemma posed in the case of those who laid claim to a large debt given by Damodar Doss to the Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar III of Mysore in 1845. For more than half a century, the unpaid debt, and the justness of the claims of successive heirs of the lender, claimed the attention of the colonial state and Mysore government. The debates around the debt involved questions of not just the relationship of the colonial to the princely state, and the status of inherited debts, but by the early 20th century had become closely focused on the rights of three remaining female heirs, and their agency.  The prolonged discussions revealed much about the legal dilemmas posed by the transition from direct to indirect British rule, and questions of equity and good conscience,  but also crucially on the question of whether customary law was rooted in territory or was as mobile the practicing community itself.

2017年1月8日に開催いたしました国際ワークショップの成果として、プロシーディングス『FINDAS International Conference Series 1: Women’s Work in South Asia in the Age of Neo-liberalism』を刊行しました。下記の「研究成果」のページからダウンロードすることができます。

研究成果

製本冊子をご希望の場合には、送料着払いにてお送りいたします。FINDAS事務局のメールアドレス　findas_office[at]tufs.ac.jpまで、メールにてお知らせください。

We have published the 2017 international conference proceedings, “FINDAS International Conference Series 1: Women’s Work in South Asia in the Age of Neo-liberalism”. The conference was held on 8th of January 2017 and 6 South Asia specialists from India, Pakisthan, Bangladesh and Japan contributed their research articles.

Please click here for downloading:     http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/society/findas/production