Standardization of dialects in
French and Japanese
When
we look at present Japanese , it turns out that a part of dialect declines and
it is transposed to a common language. It can say that the same is said of
French. Then, in the graduation thesis, the "Atlas linguistique de la France"
and the "Linguistic Atlas of Japanese" were used as a language data
object, comparison examination of the propagation process and the factor of how the standard language permeated
every place, or brought about and the standardization especially paying
attention to the vocabulary was carried out in French and Japanese, and it
decided to perform analysis and consideration. Among the language data objects
which raised previously, the former was investigated and created by J.Gilliéron
and E.Edmont and was published from 1902 to 1910. The National Institute for
Japanese Language planned the latter, and it is what was investigated and
created and was published from 1966 to 1974.
The
feature common to changes of the status of the dialect in both countries is
seen, in both country, dialects are both set from early time as the object of
contempt, and motion that a dialect will be protected from the reaction comes
out. Although it can say at present that the dialect was protected also in both
language and the crisis of disappearance was escaped to some extent, a dialect
is briskly used anyway like former and it is thought that it is ceased acquire
a status equivalent to the standard language.
Then,
how was the standard language permeated concretely? The result that most spread
in the shape of radiation centering on Paris in the word chosen this time came
out of the standard language in French. On the other hand, the propagation
process of the Japanese standard language can roughly be divided into two with
a standard language form. Although all words do not go into these two
classifications, that in which one spreads in the shape of radiation centering
on Tokyo, and another are also spread in the shape of radiation centering on
Kansai, such as Osaka. Although there were the various features, such as being
transmitted from the upstream of a river to a lower stream of a river, in
language propagation when seeing for every district. When the big view of the
whole country is carried out, in France, the feature that propagation of
language spreads centering on a capital (center of a country) is seen. However,
there are some which spread focusing on except for the center of a country in
addition to that to which the standard language spread in the shape of
radiation centering on the center of a country in Japan. Where does this
difference come from? What the place which should tell one this at the center
of a country, i.e., a capital, as Japan is history moved is considered as the
cause.
For
example, a standard language form is nasu and the eggplant has spread centering
on Kanto. Especially on the western part of Japan, a word form called nasubi
centering on the Kansai district has spread. This is an example which is seen
in France and which was circulated centering on the center of a country.
Conversely, a word called the sun has spread focusing on western part of Japan,
and its a way of speaking called a day and the sun is main at the East Japan.
Since it arrived at the hypothesis set here, it will be raised. If the origin
of a word of a word called the eggplant which raised previously is
investigated, an eggplant will be in a "Wamyouhonso" with an
"Nasu Japanese-name Nasubi", and it will be imagined that the name
"NASUBI" was in use in ancient times. Furthermore, it is the origin
of a word from the first that suffix Bi which has the feeling of the soul or a
fruit in the eggplant (make) which means “make” in a fruit every day attached a
word called an eggplant, and it is thought that a word form called the nasu
currently now used as the present standard language had a word more nearly main
than a word called nasu also from saying [ that it is the form of the lower
abbreviation for NASUBI ] called NASUBI. One assumption set here can be
considered. The word which has spread centering on the Kanto district is not
what was the standard language from the first, and, probably, what was used as
a dialect from the first came to be used as the standard language. however,
since a way of speaking called NASUBI remains also at East Japan, if it says
whether this is altogether applied, it may not necessarily be able to be said
that that is right However, since that to which the standard language has
spread centering on Kanto in the word chosen here does not have the
corroboration that a hypothesis which was raised previously is not applied,
either, it is thought that the room of consideration remains. Since there are
very few vocabularies used in this paper, although it is regrettable that a previous
hypothesis cannot be proved, I want to verify this hypothesis at some
opportunities.