x = seq(-4, 4, 0.1) y = dnorm(x) plot(x, y, xlab = "x", ylab = "density", ylim = c(0, 0.8), + type = "l")) # line type: the quoted character is lower case L mtext("normal(0, 1)", 3, 1) abline(v = 0, lty = 2) # the vertical dashed line lines(c(-1, 0), rep(dnorm(-1), 2), lty = 2) x = seq(0, 8, 0.1) y = dnorm(x, mean = 4, sd = 0.5) pnorm(-1.96) qnorm(0.02499790) pnorm(0) - pnorm(-1) x = rnorm(10, 3, 0.1) x x - mean(x) (x - mean(x)) / sd(x) scale(x) mean(x) sd(x) pnorm(0, 1, 3) - pnorm(-1, 1, 3) pnorm(-1/3) - pnorm(-2/3) v = rnorm(20, 4, 2) sd(v) sqrt(var(v)) mean(v - mean(v)) var(v) sum((v-mean(v))^2)/(length(v)-1) pnorm(-3, 0, 1) pt(-3, 2) 1 - pf(6, 1, 1) 1 - pf(6, 20, 8) 1 - pchisq(4, 1) 1 - pchisq(4, 5) 1 - pchisq(4, 10)