1. Analysis of Korean Conjugation by Using a Concept of "Verbal Base" |
---|
2. Verbal Stem and Ending |
---|
Kind of stem Sample 1st base 2nd base 3rd base Consonantal bad-da 'receive' bad- bad-'y- bad-'a- meg-da 'eat' meg- meg-'y- meg-'e- Vocalic bo-da 'look' bo- bo-'a- ju-da 'give' ju- ju-'e- Following items -go, -ny-nia
-geiss- etc.-mien, -ni
-si- etc.-se, zero ending
-ss- etc.
3. r-stem and y-stem |
---|
In r-stem the forms of 1st and 2nd base are the same as in the vocalic stem, but r-stem has two variants, one with r and, the other without r. Selection of variants depends on the first sound of the following suffix or ending:
Kind of stem Sample 1st base 2nd base 3rd base r-stem 'ar-da 'know' 'ar- / 'a- 'ar-'a- mer-da 'far' mer- / me- mer-'e- y-stem dda-ry-da 'follow' dda-ry- dda-ra- ssy-da 'use' ssy- sse- Following items -go, -ny-nia
-geiss- etc.-mien, -ni
-si- etc.-se, zero ending
-ss- etc.
Without r i, d(partial), r(end of syllable), b, s With r g, d, r(top of syllable), m, j
4. Irregular Stem |
---|
Conjugation of irregular verbs is generally explained in South Korea as "gy-reh- + -mien -- gy-re-mien", "gy-reh- + -'e-se -- gy-rai-se". But it does not systematically explain disappearance and changing of y and -a-/-e- as observed in verbal endings such as -'y-mien, -'e-se. In verbal base grammar it is explained by the same way as regular verbs: "II-mien", "III-se. Forms of stem are also explained systematically.
Kind of stem Sample 1st base 2nd base 3rd base Irregular d dyd-da 'listen' dyd- dyr-'y dyr-'e Irregular b deb-da 'hot' deb- de-'u- de-'ue- Irregular s jis-da 'make' jis- ji-'y- ji-'e- Irregular h gy-reh-da 'such' gy-reh- gy-re- gy-rai- Irregular ry bu-ry-da 'call' bu-ry- bur-re- Irregular re pu-ry-da 'blue' pu-ry- pu-ry-re- Irregular ha ha-da 'do' ha- ha-'ie- Following items -go, -ny-nia
-geiss- etc.-mien, -ni
-si- etc.-se, zero ending
-ss- etc.
5. Conjugation of Suffix |
---|
According to the analysis mentioned above, we can analyse the word form 'irg-'y-siess-geiss-'y-ni 'because he would read' as follows:
Suffix 1st base 2nd base 3rd base -geiss- (probability) -geiss- -geiss-'y- -geiss-'e- -ss- (past tense) -ss- -ss-'y- -ss-'e- -si- (respect) -si- -sie-
'irg-'y- -sie- -ss- -geiss-'y- -ni 2nd base form
of 'irg-3rd base form of
suffix -si- which
follows 2nd base1st base form of
suffix -ss- which
follows 3rd base2nd base form of
suffix -geiss- which
follows 1st baseverbal ending which
follows 2nd base
References |
---|