「事態に対する話者の期待と感情・評価的意味―理想化認知モデルの観点からの考察―」
The Relationship between Speaker's Expectations, Emotional and Evaluative Meanings
- From the Viewpoint of Idealized Cognitive Model -
This paper investigates the relationship between the speaker's expectation towards a situation and the emotional or evaluative meanings observed in sentences using forms such as the auxiliary verb "shimau", enumerative particle "dano dano", demonstrative adjective "sonna", and the suffix "-meku", as in the following sentences.
(1) Yuujin no kekkon-shikijo de sono hi no supiichi wo tanomarete shimatta.
(2) Yubikitasu dano autosooshingu dano,atarashii katakana-go ga fuete kite iru.
(3) Sonna shoo wo moraeru to omotte inakatta.
(4) Aratamete watashi kara kaisetsu-meita hanashi wo shinakute ii deshoo.
In these sentences we can determine the speaker's subjective view that the situation is not desirable, or that the situation is unexpected.
The question is why functional forms such as those above can be described as expressing the given situations as non-desirable or unexpected, or "marked". This question can be given answered by positing the hypothesis that reflects one of our underlying "Idealized Cognitive Models", as shown in (5) below.
(5) The Idealized Cognitive Model concerning "expectedness" and "desirableness" of situations：
a. Situations normally develop as the speaker expects.
b. Speakers prefer that situations are desirable.
Situations that do not satisfy the Idealized Cognitive Model above are untypical and marked. Consequently, speakers describe them by using marked linguistic forms. This paper also analyzed the meaning of "nama-", a preceding element of compound words, to further support this hypothesis.