要旨

本稿は，多義語の異なる複数の意味における心理的な顕著性としてのプロトタイプ度の高さを，多義語の意味のネットワーク構造上に明確に位置付けることを目的とする。論証にあたっては多義語「ツク」(付・着・就・即・憑・点)を取り上げ，その意味分析の結果を一つのネットワーク構造として示す。従来多義語の意味分析においては意味拡張の原型性としてのプロトタイプ度の高さと，心理的な顕著性としてのプロトタイプ度の高さとが，その度合いの傾斜に不一致があるにも関わらず明確に区別されることなく扱われてきた。しかも後者の心理的なプロトタイプ度の高さについては，それを多義語の意味のネットワーク構造へと関連付ける議論がなされていない。本稿では両者のプロトタイプ度を区別した上で，共時的により興味深い心理的な顕著性としてのプロトタイプ度の高さを，意味間の関係付けの網の集中度として，多義語の意味のネットワーク構造上に明確に位置付ける。

The purpose of this paper is to consider the concept of "psychological prototype" from the viewpoint of the semantic structure or "network" of polysemic words.

Two different types of prototype have been proposed. One is the theoretical prototype, which is based on linguistic criteria such as the degree of concreteness of the actions or events that the polysemic verb expresses. This theoretical prototype is also regarded as the starting point for the evolution of the complex category of the semantic network. The other type is the psychological prototype, which is based on the degree of cognitive salience, in other words, the likelihood of the language user invoking it.

Although some of the meanings of a polysemic word are relatively highly prominent from the psychological aspect, because they are theoretically less prototypical little attention has been given to their psychological prototype.

To solve this problem, I here describe the meanings and their interrelationships of the Japanese polysemic verb tsuku 'become attached'. Through the observation of the semantic network of this verb, it was found that a high degree of psychological prototypicalty can be identified as a high number of semantic "arcs" that connect one meaning to another within the semantic network. Because the primary activation of one meaning in the semantic network invokes the secondary activation of other meanings that are connected to it by those arcs, a high degree of psychological saliency can be given to a meaning that has many connections with other meanings in the network.